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2012年7月22日 星期日

Bangkok Travel Guide


Bangkok is the capital city of Thailand and is also the largest city in the country. Bangkok is one of the biggest cosmopolitan cities in Asia and has a population of around 11 million. It is widely known as Bangkok's political, spiritual and cultural hub. The city is huge in terms of space and population. It is also known as a traveler friendly city with bustling commercial and political centers located around the various districts dividing the city.

Climate

Bangkok has a tropical climate and rain lashes the city quite frequently. Due to the humidity, the city remains hot and humid most of the time. Foreign visitors would be well advised to book a hotel with around the clock air conditioning as the summers can be extremely hot. The city is often covered with haze contributed by the weather and the air pollution generated by the hundreds of vehicles. The people of Bangkok are known for their hospitality and that is why, despite the climate issue, thousands of visitors throng to the various attractions of the city.

Getting Here

Most of the visitors arrive in the city through the Suvarnabhumi Airport, as it has now become the busiest airport of the country. The airport offers all the international airport facilities like travelers lounge, internet and telephone services etc. From the airport, most of the people use taxis to move to their destinations around the city. Metered taxis are also available for cheap traveling around the city.

Moving Around

Inside the city, the travel options are huge for a first time traveler. Public bus transport system is available in the city and is a cheap option for moving around. You can also move around in private cars but be aware that the traffic in Bangkok is quite hectic and messy. In order to ease the traffic congestion, Bangkok has recently introduced the sky train. The sky train covers most of the downtown Bangkok areas and towns, and gives you some relief from the traffic congestion. Bangkok also has the metro which can be used in place of the sky train. Boat rides around the city are also very common and will take you to various points around the city in least possible time. Tuk Tuk is also a very common transport means around the city.

Major Attractions

Some of the major attractions of the city include a visit to the old city areas. You can visit various temples of Bangkok; the most famous being Grand Palace, which is one of the biggest in the city according to its size. Wat pho is also a must visit temple, which houses largest reclining image of Buddha. Other temples include the Golden Mount and Wat Rajnadda. You can also visit the various museums in the city which gives an insight into the cities past and history. You can visit the National Museum and the Museum of Siam in order to relive some history of the city. Lumpini Park is one of the largest parks in the city and can be visited in order to get away from the congestion of the city.

Food

Bangkok is famous for its Thai cuisine. Food is relatively expensive in the city and it is of high international standard. You will also find top class international cuisine in the city which will surely add to the flavor of the foods. Phad Thai, Northeastern Thai, Ya Dong and bugs are some of Bangkok traditional food items. Dinner cruises are also quite famous among visitors, and eating while on boat ride in Chao Phraya is one of the experiences that should not be missed.




Not sure what could be an excellent location to spend your vacations? Bangkok travel guide is just a brief guide to organize your trip. For more travel guides, hotel reviews, restaurant reviews, travel deals and information for destinations and attractions, visit our site TourismJunction.





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2012年7月15日 星期日

Peru Travel Guide - Step-By-Step on the Lares Trek


Day 1: 10km, Huaran (2800m) to Cancha Cancha (3800m)

Our introduction to the jaw-dropping scenery of Peru's Sacred Valley began long before we started our expedition along the Lares trek. Just getting to base camp entailed a drive up through winding mountain roads, passing a string of Inca ruins and rustic villages where we stopped for bread and other provisions in preparation for our four day hike deep into the wilderness of the Peruvian Andes.

We'd only been hiking a few minutes before a steady drizzle started to fall, forcing us to stop and unpack our waterproofs from the mules. "Rain down here means snow up there," said Luis, our guide, who pointed up the distant valley with a wry grin.

From the tiny settlement of Huaran we immediately began the steep, one thousand meter climb that would continue all day until we arrived at our first camp. Following a trail that hugged the edges of a fast-flowing river we entered a long, steep corridor of cloud forest leading up to the glacial peaks of Cancha Casa and Chicon that dominated the valley head.

Insisting that we keep a slow, steady pace, Luis began to share some of his vast knowledge of the area, pointing out the darting hummingbirds, explaining the symbiotic partnership between the bromeliads and their tree hosts and revealing the medicinal properties of the various plant life that lined our trail.

As we ascended the steep trail we could see the environment altering around us; flowering plants became less frequent, the trees became ever smaller until they resembled dwarfed stumps and the climate began to change, the wind picked up and a sharp chill entered the air.

But before we reached the tree-line itself it was time to break for some lunch. Meals during a Peru trekking tour are a logistical miracle, with a caravan of porters and mules racing ahead to set up kitchen and have a hot meal ready and waiting for the group's arrival.

We replenished ourselves on a high energy lunch of steaming soup, sandwiches, fruit and cake before loading up again to continue the ascent until eventually emerging from the tree-line and out onto the rocky no-mans land between cloud forest and glacier, under the shadow of the snow-capped mountains ahead.

We traversed this landscape for four steady hours until the trail led us into the minuscule village of Cancha Cancha, a settlement typical to this area of high Peruvian altiplano where llama and alpaca herding is the main occupation and braving the biting cold is a way of life. 

The local children ran out to meet us as we entered the village, while the weary herds of animals showed more caution. Despite still being early, around 5pm, the sun had already disappeared behind the mountains and the evening cold had set in. It was here that our earlier shopping for all those famous Peruvian souvenirs; wooly hats, gloves and ponchos, proved its worth.

Before dinner was served, Luis pointed yet further up to the highest, snow-covered point of the mountain pass. "That's where we're heading tomorrow," he declared. "As far and as high as you can see, in that direction!"

After an enormous meal of spicy soup, chicken, vegetables and mashed potato, our group sat in the dining tent, huddled for warmth with a cup of rum in hand, to listen to Luis's descriptions of the folklore associated with the surrounding mountain ranges and later, explanations of the star constellations shining vividly overhead.

But the night was too cold for star gazing and by 9pm we were all in our tents, inside the sleeping bags and cozily wrapped up from the harsh elements of the altiplano.

Day 2: 15km, Cancha Cancha (3800m) to Quishuarani (3700m)

We started the following day in luxury, having been woken at 5:30am with coffee and a bowl of hot water brought to our tent by our tireless porters. After filling up on breakfast and loading the mules we began the steady climb towards the first mountain pass of the trek.

As we rose towards the peaks we passed by a handful of youngsters, out keeping watch over herds of llamas and alpacas, before leaving all traces of civilization behind us. Up here there was nothing but Andean geese, a large native mountain bird called the Cara Cara, and oversized, stone-colored rabbits, the Viscacha, to keep us company.

As we hit the snow-line our trail took us past a series of large, natural caves in the mountain side. Luis explained that this spot is from where his spiritual ancestors were said to have originated, emerging from the cave carrying maize seeds, water and coca leaves, signifying the most important aspects of life in this region.

Finally reaching the highest point of the Pachacutec pass at 4700m, we were rewarded with stunning views across two valley systems, while far below us lay a set of dazzling turquoise lakes. It was up here that Luis stopped to make a ceremonial offering to the mountain gods, the apus, lighting a small fire to burn incense, sweets, coca leaves and other important gifts which would help ensure our smooth passage through the mountains.

After skirting around the mountain peak we began the steady thousand meter descent back below the snow-line and towards our second camp, stopping again for a large lunch before arriving after a full 8 hours hiking in the small settlement of Quishuarani.

Quishuarani was a slightly larger settlement than the previous night's camp and we were treated to such luxuries as cold beer and chocolate from the village store. As on the previous night, the local youngsters were fascinated with their strange-looking visitors and we spent a couple of hours handing out gifts of coloring books and pencils to the younger kids, while learning a few musical tricks from the older ones, expert players of an Andean ten-stringed instrument called the charango.

Our second camp was also blessed with a small shelter, constructed by the local reserve authority to encourage more visitors to the area, which offered us a warmer environment to eat dinner and share a few mugs of rum with our vivacious guide and a few local villagers.

"Right! I'm going to teach you one of our Andean games!" Luis roared across the table, signaling the start of a long, happy night of dice games and rum drinking that lasted into the small hours.

Day 3: 20km, Quishuarani (3700m) to Lares Hot Springs (3100m)

After our late night we emerged the following morning with startlingly clear heads - perhaps a benefit of the fresh mountain air. "Everyone needs to fill up with a good breakfast," Luis instructed, "and take plenty of water too. We've got a big day ahead of us."

It was good advice: from Quishuarani we made the most demanding hike of the trip, tackling an incredibly steep incline that took us up to Hullquicasa which, at 4400m above sea level, was the second big mountain pass of our trek.

We were back above the snowline here, although the sun and the sheer physical exertion had everyone sweating buckets. In fact, we were concentrating so hard on getting up the mountainside, we almost missed the astonishing landscape we'd just walked into.

"Now look behind you," Luis coolly suggested as we clambered, spluttering and wheezing, to the highest point of the pass. The view was almost unbelievable, as though we'd walked into a painting: the mountain fell away from us into a long, wide and grassy valley, dotted with brilliant blue lakes that reflected the skies like shimmering mirrors. Semi-wild horses, ancient stone buildings and small herds of llamas dotted the foreground, while in the distance was a never ending range of jagged mountains and snow-topped peaks.

This was a perfect spot to catch our breath and replenish ourselves on some high-energy snacks. But our smug self-congratulations for having made it up such an impossible climb were shattered by the arrival of an elderly lady, a local to the area, who was virtually running up the trail, a baby wrapped up on her back and a toddler pattering along beside her.  

"Napaykullayki!" she called over, the regional Quechua greeting, shooting us a toothy grin as she raced past and down the other side, quickly becoming a small, colorful dot in the landscape.

Shamed into action, we clambered back onto our feet and began the descent down into the next valley. The trail passed dozens of small, perfectly calm lagoons and a swift river that eventually turned into a sequence of increasingly impressive waterfalls. Along the sides of the valleys were wide screes of boulders and rocks that had fallen from the mountain sides and now provided an ideal home for bounding families of the Viscacha rabbits who were entirely oblivious to us as we walked by.

Stopping for a short break next to one of these lagoons, the peace was disturbed by a suddenly animated Luis, breaking his cool for a rare, excited moment to point out the enormous condor circling above our heads.

The condor, the largest flying bird in the Americas, is a creature of immense spiritual and symbolic importance to the indigenous people of the Andes, as Luis' reaction made clear. "That is a sign of real luck, my friends!" He beamed at us. "The condor isn't so common in this range, but the mountains have certainly blessed us today!"

After stopping for lunch at the river-side village of Cuncani, we continued along the downward trail, following the river towards the Lares valley itself. During the wet season, this onward journey is usually split across two days, but thanks to the dry conditions we were able to continue walking for much longer.

After Cuncani the trail returned us to the tree-line and re-entered the more humid and milder climate and ecosystem of the Andean tropical forest. The path snaked through farmland and rustic agricultural settlements before dropping again, into the more settled and tamed environment of the Lares valley.

Before long, the river had become a gushing torrent, fuelled by the glacial waters running through the valley which itself had become increasingly lush, the trees grew taller, the undergrowth thicker, and the sounds of birdsong returned to the breeze.

Eventually, rounding a corner along the valley's edge we were presented with the most welcome sight in days: our camp, already set up by our outstanding team of porters, situated directly next to the series of therapeutic hot springs that make the village of Lares famous.

This was luxury in the true sense of the word and as we stripped out of our mud-clad trekking gear and into the hot showers and pools to rest our weary muscles, it was hard to suppress our grins of absolute contentment.

Day 4: 8km, Lares Hot Springs (3100m) to Inca Ruins

Having completed an extra stretch of hiking the following day, our final day on the trek was a much more relaxed affair, starting with another dip in the springs before making the gentle walk away from Lares along farmland towards some nearby Inca ruins.

The easy trail was a good chance to rest our legs after the demands of the previous few days, as well as catch a glimpse of rural life in the Andean pueblos that we were passing. Occasionally we came across snapshots of times gone by, a paved trail created during the days of the Inca, or a cliff-side cemetery where the bodies of nobles were buried, along with rich offerings to the same mountain gods to which Luis had prayed.

The trail eventually led us to a small village which marked the end of our trek. Here we reacquainted ourselves with the modern world (crossing a road was a novelty, the sound of a car was startling,) unloaded the mules and gave our deep and sincere thanks, along with a healthy tip, to the porters who had worked so hard to make our experience such a memorable one.

Luis stayed with us for the road journey back to Ollantaytambo, a town which had seemed so tiny five days ago, but which felt like a buzzing metropolis when we returned. Here, all that was left was to shake Luis' hand, thank him for being such an outstanding guide, and catch the train for our much anticipated Machu Picchu tours, the final piece and pinnacle of our Sacred Valley adventure. 

How Best To Enjoy Your Peru Trekking Experience:

While planning for Peru vacations, consider that operators for Peru tours and treks abound, but the quality and levels of service can be highly inconsistent. For the best standards in safety and comfort, do your research before you leave and check the online reviews for international providers of Peru vacation packages.

The Inca Trail is by far the most popular route, but the Lares trek is just one of many less-busy alternatives, including the long and spectacular Salcantay trek, or the much shorter Chacan trek.

When packing for your Peru trek, make sure to bring the following essentials:

- Waterproofs, both for yourself and for your daypack,

- Educational or healthy gifts for the kids you're bound to meet on the way,

- Suitable water bottles or canteens for the drinking water that is usually provided,

- A head torch to keep things well lit up and your hands free,

- Plenty of good quality, warm layers that you can add and remove as the temperatures swing from very warm to freezing cold,

- A good quality, all-seasons sleeping bag and a sleeping bag liner, both of which can be hired in Cusco.




This Peru travel guide was written by a travel-loving Peru vacations expert at Peru For Less, a member of the Latin America For Less family.

Latin America For Less, a US travel agency established in 1998, offers a complete South America vacation service to destinations across Latin America, including Peru, Brazil, Argentina, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Chile and Bolivia.

The company is unique in its ability to offer a price match guarantee as well as the highest standards in quality and customer service.

Fully customized itineraries coupled with personal and friendly service are the hallmarks of a Latin America For Less vacation.





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2012年6月26日 星期二

Air Conditioner Reviews - A Buyer's Guide


With the global warming that is very apparent around the world today, the demand for cooling systems has been increasing exponentially. Various types of products are offered from different companies. However, before you decide which one to buy, it is important to first take a look at the different types of products and read air conditioner reviews to be able to guide you to get the best and most efficient one.

The portable model is a movable unit that is used to cool a certain area of about twenty square meters. This unit can be plugged into the normal power source. Portable air conditioner units are very convenient, as there is no need for installation, and they do not look as bulky as the other models. However, these units might cost a little more than the others.

One of the most common types is the wall/window model, which sits in a small opening, usually a window, and has interior temperature controls. This type of air conditioner can cool rooms of up to fifty square meters. Interestingly, the interior air is cooled because a fan blows it over the evaporator. On the other hand, the air in the exterior is heated as a second fan blows it over the condenser. This process allows heat to be absorbed from the room and released into the environment.

Another type is the split-system model. The design of this unit is that the compressor and the evaporator are installed in a separate external packages. These two parts are connected by two detachable refrigerant pipes. The interior noise usually generated by the unit is reduced because the compressor is located externally. In addition, this type of design reduces the size of the internal unit. The split-system model can usually cool rooms of up to sixty square meters.

Evaporative coolers are extremely popular among areas with very hot weather. It contains a water reservoir or a wet pad, usually a large sponge soaked with water, where the hot air passes through. The heat of the incoming air is reduced and transformed into cooler air as it passes through the wet pad. The cooler air is then blown into the room. Evaporative coolers are a cheaper alternative to the traditional cooling systems; however, note that evaporative cooling works well only in dry inland climates, as temperatures with high humidity does not contain enough dry air for evaporative coolers to work effectively.

For larger and more spacious areas, a central air conditioning system is usually adapted. This type uses ducts to distribute cool air into more than one room. The compressor and the condenser are located in an outdoor unit, usually on the ground or at the roof. This type of set-up is more common in office buildings, malls, hotels, and other large establishments.

The various models mentioned above are just the basic cooling systems that are available in the market. So before you decide which one to buy, make sure you know what is best for you. Battle the heat with air conditioners that will cool the temperature and make you feel better.




Alice Angell understands the unbearable blazing heat of the hot summer. She enjoys research and writing on the various types of air conditioners. Come and get more Air Conditioner Reviews and Portable Air Conditioner Reviews today.





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2012年5月16日 星期三

Manila Travel Guide


The City of Manila is a sprawling melting pot where you can sample the country's best offerings, if you know where to look for them. Aside from the usual tourist magnets, there are plenty of offbeat destinations in and around the city to keep you occupied and interested during your stay.

Distinct from the other cities of Asia, Manila is best enjoyed in piecemeal trips. Authentic colonial churches withstand the test of time and are well worth the visit, and the city is at par with the best in Asia in shopping and entertainment. Intramuros and the 150-hectare sprawl around Rizal Park are also essential stops for casual tourists. The local fiestas and fetes are also something to look forward to, and the nightlife in areas like Malate, Pasig, Makati and Libis (within the metro) are an event of their own.

Of course the city has its downsides; as in many third-world countries, poverty is obvious within fifteen minutes from the airport, and the once-beautiful Pasig River has also outlived its best years. If you're not accustomed to tropical weather, its best to postpone your trip until the months of October to January; the wet-dry climate of the country can be very fickle, humid, and balmy, or otherwise drenching wet. If you're looking for a laidback experience, the city isn't for you, but respite is within hours on the outskirts of the metropolis. The traffic problem is moderate compared to other cities, but the pollution is appalling, especially during rush hours; if you have a serious health condition, this relatively congested city can adversely affect your health.

If the weather isn't a problem for you, anytime is the best time to go to Manila; fiestas of patron Saints are religiously observed around the country, and since each Saint has its own fiesta day, there is something going on in any barangay at any particular time. May is also Flores de Mayo month, and the evening processions of maidens in detailed gowns are a treat for foreigners and locals alike. Consumerism is at its peak during the Christmas season, and you'll find bargains on practically every shop, but particularly in the infamous Quiapo and Divisoria markets, where many of the pirated (but cheap) buys can be had for a fraction of the cost of their original counterparts.

If you're not staying with friends or relatives, the first to five-star hotels offer great service at a price, particularly the Manila Hotel located near Baywalk and Rizal Park. There are also plenty of other boarding options which accommodate all budgets: condotels, apartelles, motels, transients, bedspaces, and apartments. Condotels and apartelles are usually decent; just make sure you take a thorough look-see before you rent the place. As for motels, go for the franchised establishments, and with the others, if the terms and the neighborhood don't feel right, you might as well rent at your own risk.

There's so much to see and do in Manila! You can sample the city's bustling nightlife at the upscale Glorietta center in Makati, along bohemian Malate, at Eastwood, Libis, and the resto block on the SM Mall of Asia, a short ride from the Ninoy Aquino International Airport. The dress code is usually relaxed, and you'll find the bars and restos packed even on weeknights, as night-shift call center employees tend to gravitate to these areas to wind down or prep up for work. Similar watering holes may also be found along Timog and West Avenue in Quezon City, and at the Ortigas Center in Mandaluyong.

Some things you have to try out during your stay: visit the old stone churches (especially San Agustin church in Intramuros), view a stage performance at the Cultural Center of the Philippines (on Roxas Boulevard); sample Chinese culture and delicacy at Binondo, Manila's Chinatown; find great bargains on anything at Divisoria (particularly on 168 mall), bulk fabrics at Baclaran, and at Tutuban mall; watch raucous cockfights at the Libertad cockpit in Pasay; view the superb sunset on Manila Bay along Baywalk, on the cultural grounds around San Isidro, or from the chartered ferry SV Carina which takes an hour-long cruise along the bay; the IMAX experience is also available at the SM Mall of Asia for three-dimensional film offerings.

Some things to remember during your stay: if you're tempted to take a Kalesa (horse-drawn carriage) tour around the city's hotspots, make sure that you and the driver are clear on the rate (250 pesos per hour is a good deal); even so, the latter will make excuses and try to increase the fare along the way. Don't give in - they can be very persistent and even irritating. Also, don't exchange your currency on the 'money markets' such as Santa Cruz; these usually have very appealing (dubious) rates, but the teller will try to scam you by shortchanging the exchange. Hiring cabs from hotels can cost you more than hailing metered ones from the street; insist that the driver turns on the meter before you tell him where to go. It is also normal for you to be frisked, and your belongings searched when entering any major establishment (malls, hotels, even restaurants) - security is a priority in the Philippines, and as discomfiting as it is, get used to it during your stay. Keep your belongings close to yourself in fairly crowded areas (flea markets, railway stations, and even on the sidewalks), and be wary of dubious offers or pleas for help; con men, pickpockets, and snatchers use varied methods of distraction and getaway to their advantage. And you might want to stay away from the city during the wet season (June to November); the traffic and flooded streets can be a gridlock of irate, stranded motorists and commuters.




PK Tan is a travel writer for Tourism Philippines, a site dedicated to providing unbiased updated travel information on the fascinating Philippines.





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2012年5月3日 星期四

Shanghai Traveling - Travel Guide


Shanghai, China is a major tourist destination in Asia with abundant historical landmarks. A few of the frequently visited places within the city are the internationally renowned the City God Temple and the Oriental Pearl Tower that lies in the middle of its ever-expanding metro region. Its skyline is just wonderful as it is the largest hub of finance, trade and commerce in mainland China. Shanghai is known as a port city and the largest city in China with over 20 million residents consisting of Chinese and foreign migrants. It is also considered among the fastest developing economies in the world.

The strong Chinese tradition and traditions in Shanghai are still very much alive considering its modernity. The city has many wonderful parks, restaurants, cafes, bars making it one of the cities in China that possesses a very lively nightlife. There are many westernized parts in Shanghai where you can see many hip neo-Chinese but still retains their old Chinese traditions sacred. Some of the must-see destinations in this lovely city are the Jade Buddha Temple, Yu Yuan Gardens, Oriental Pearl TV Tower, Shanghai Museum, Xin Tian Din, ZhuJiaJiao and Nanjing Road, simply to name some.

The best about Shanghai is the Chinese cuisines known to be the most scrumptious in China. It's also known as a major shopping destination with hundreds of elegant niche stores, fashion boutiques, bargain markets, and large international chains. The Bund is the most famous attractions in Shanghai and becomes even more beautiful at night when the structures are lighted up, making a spectacularly colorful scene to behold. The architecture in this city is incredible with the use of many different styles like Baroque, Gothic and Renaissance evident in its many banks and hotels.

Hairy crabs have become popular in Shanghai. It is going to be one of the best crab feasts you will ever enjoy but this particular city cuisine can only be enjoyed throughout the autumn season on the months of September through November where these hairy crabs are most abundant and fully grown. Local and tourists alike benefit from the rowing boat trips in water villages surrounding the city.

Climate: Shanghai generally includes a humid climate called subtropical and has four distinct seasons. In winter, it gets really cold because of the Siberian winds from the north and also the temperature can drop at freezing levels. The City experiences an average of two days of snowfall within a year. Summer time in the city becomes very warm and humid but with occasional rain showers and irregular thunderstorms. Typhoons are often experienced in Shanghai that causes flooding within the city. It other seasons are spring and fall which are generally dry and sunny. Its wettest weathers occur in the month of June.

Transportation: The city of Shanghai takes delight in its Shanghai Metro, of the rapidly-growing railways systems on the planet. It currently has ten lines that extend to a lot of suburban districts. Its public transport methods have become efficient including thousands of buses, trolleybuses, and metered taxi cabs. Bicycles utilized to master the main roads and highways of the city but they are now only allowed within the city's bicycle lanes and intersections.




Ramon van Meer is a travel expert and of Lets Fly Cheaper.com, an Online Travel Consolidator. Lets Fly Cheaper offers Last Minute Cheap Flights [http://www.letsflycheaper.com/last-minute-cheap-flights.php] with the best personal service. Ramon has more than 9 years of experience in the Travel Industry and had appeared on several travel television shows in Europe. For more information about how to get the cheapest airline tickets like Frankfurt Cheap Flights [http://www.letsflycheaper.com/cheap-flights-frankfurt.php] go to the website.





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2012年3月5日 星期一

Costa Rica Visitors Guide


Costa Rica is a wonderful place to visit with your family or even alone.

Many couples honeymoon in Costa Rica combining romance, adventure and mystical visits to volcanoes, rainforest's, waterfalls, and secluded beaches. Our goal here is to provide a condensed guide that you can print and take with you to use for reference.

Country Information

Costa Rica is in Central America north of Panama and south of Nicaragua. The Pacific ocean borders the country to the west and the Caribbean to the east.

The citizens of Costa Rica are affectionately called Tico's and Tica's. In all of Latin America, the Tico's are most like North American's in their thought process. There are many cultural differences but tourism and tourists in general are welcomed warmly in this country.

Costa Rica has the highest literacy rate in Latin America. Every four years elections are held with 95% of the population participating in the voting process. Costa Rica has had no military forces since 1946. 27% of the country's budget is spent on health care. Although there are demonstrations occasionally civil unrest is not present. Costa Rica is considered to be the "Latin American success story".

The country has 110 volcanic craters, six active volcanoes,mountain ranges throughout the central portion of the country and secluded beaches with rain forest filled with wildlife butting right up to the shoreline.

Temperature varies with elevation. Humidity is present and noticeable, especially at sea level. Mosquitoes are obviously part of any rain forest but are not as noticeable as most parts of Florida, for instance due to the natural predators maintaining an ecological balance not found in places like Florida. (Bring repellent with Deet however!)

Costa Rica has a wet and dry season. The wet or "green" season is from May until November each year. During this time rainfall is more prevalent in most regions (Guanacaste province is the driest area in the country) with sunshine typical in the morning hours with showers in the afternoon and at night. Green season is when hotels offer discounts and crowds are minimized. As mentioned earlier, the northwestern portion of Costa Rica is the best "green" season destination due to rainfall considerations.

General Information

Entry requirements for visitors differ depending on your country of origin. US citizens, Canadians, and United Kingdom tourists need a valid passport but do not require a visa. The maximum stay under these conditions is 90 days but can be extended an additional 90 days through a travel agent or within the country through immigration.

Vaccinations are not required for malaria and other diseases to visit Costa Rica.

The water in most areas is safe to drink. Some coastal areas are exceptions however. Bottled water is recommended simply due to taste considerations. If you are at the Multiplaza mall in Escazu for instance the water is perfectly fine to drink. Smaller communities on the coast can be problematic however.

Costa Rica has the best fruit in the world in my opinion. Eat anything and everything in sight!

Driving in Costa Rica is an adventure! A stop sign in Costa Rica is treated like a yield sign in North America. Potholes in certain areas are HUGE. If renting a car consider the following:

Do not leave valuables in the car.

Rental agencies look for any trace of dents and dings

Roads are narrow and guard rails are usually not present

Did I mention POTHOLES

Electricity is standard 110v like in the USA but generally not grounded. This means that any device requiring a three prong plug will not work without an adapter to two prongs. So, bring an adapter for anything requiring three prongs.

English is widely spoken in tourist areas and major metropolitan areas. Driving a rental car all over the country with no knowledge of Spanish might be problematic. It is generally easy to find someone to help you in English in tourist areas and big cities however.

Medical facilities are available throughout the country. Remote areas, however, only have clinics for minor issues and often have few English speaking staff members. San Jose has excellent medical facilities and English speaking doctors are quite common. Ask the proprietor of the hotel you chose about medical facilities in the area if you have health concerns.

Emergency service in Costa Rica is available by dialing 911.

Holidays are taken seriously in this country. Visit around Easter or Christmas and it will seem that the entire country is shut down. The Easter and Christmas holiday's are celebrated for more than a week!

Traveler Safety

Violent crime exists in every society. Costa Rica is a safe place to bring your family or to travel alone. Most crime is property theft and pick-pocket oriented theft.

Make sure that you leave your Rolex at home.

Do not keep your wallet in your back pocket. Keep it in your front pocket.

Do not place valuables in backpacks slung over your shoulder.

Many places are perfectly safe to walk at night. Others are not. Ask a local.

Beaches have rip tides.

A riptide is narrow. If caught in a riptide swim parallel to the shore for a short distance until you no longer feel it pulling you away from shore. Salt water is easy to float in. Don't freak out!

Sharks are prevalent in certain areas of both the Pacific and Caribbean.

Sharks are of concern for fishermen and surfers primarily. If you are not a pro ask about the area you plan to visit. Some of the island's around Costa Rica have huge populations of sharks.

Costa Rica is just north of the Equator. Use sunscreen liberally and drink plenty of non-alcoholic fluids while in the elements. I know, now I sound like your mother!

Taxi's have meters. Many unofficial taxi's ply their services in the country. Prior to any trip anywhere, agree on the price before you get in the taxi unless they are using the meter. Many taxi's do not use their meters.

Most hotels, resorts, and bed and breakfast's provide transportation from the airport and are valuable resources to identify the fair cost from one place to another when using taxi services.

Beaches

Beaches in Costa Rica are not all the same. Some beaches are great for surfing and poor choices for children. Many beaches include amenities close by and plenty of tanned bodies to admire. Others offer secluded splendor and less amenities. Careful planning is necessary to find the right area for a successful vacation here.

The beach options are too numerous to even mention here. Please consider looking at our beaches page for information about some of the best beaches. For surfing we have a surfing page highlighting the best spots to catch a wave.

Volcanoes

Some parts of Costa Rica look more like the moon than Central America!

Arenal is an active volcano that offers excellent potential for all the elements of an active volcano. The Tabacon hot springs is a beautiful area offering relaxation, romance, and wonderful atmosphere.

Poas volcano is close to San Jose in the Central Valley and provides eerie views of one of the world's largest volcanic lakes in its crater. Poas is easy to hike compared to other places and has no facility for food and drinks in the park area.

Rincon de la Vieja is in northwestern Costa Rica (Guanacaste province) and is actually a compound volcano meaning that there are more than one composite volcanoes aligned on a ridge. Rincon has 9 eruptive craters, includes bubbling mud pits, and volcanic geysers. Hikes to the summit are controlled by park rangers to keep people from getting lost. Obviously this is more challenging hiking compared to Poas!

Rain Forests

Rain forests and animals of the rain forest are one of the big attractions of Costa Rica. Birdwatching, flora and fauna, monkey's, sloths, and many other creatures abound in the rain forests of Costa Rica. Each region has slightly different plant life and animals populating the forests. The lodge and hotel accommodations range from primitive to exotic. Take your time and choose an area that combines activities that you and your family have interests in.

Manuel Antonio is one of the most popular parks in Costa Rica. The park is located in the Central Pacific area and provides great accommodations, rain forest, waterfalls, and beach vacations.

Monteverde Cloud Forest is a wonderland of nature. Located near the Arenal volcano about 3 1/2 hours from San Jose this misty forest is a great place to see birds, monkey's and other wildlife in a well tended easily hiked park.

Corcovado National Park is lowland rain forest and is home to a large population of scarlet macaws. The park features well designed trails, camping, and plenty of ranger stations. The hiking is strenuous, pack your own food and get back to nature in the southern Pacific portion of Costa Rica.

Cahuita National Park provides flat easily hiked trails, and plenty of wildlife in thick lowland forest. White face and howler monkey's are your companions here. Generally rustic accommodations and less amenities are characteristic on the Caribbean coastal areas.

Final Thoughts

Fun Costa Rica Vacations hopes this visitors guide has been helpful to you. Our goal is to provide useful information to travelers and specifically first time visitors to Costa Rica.

Copyright @ 2005 fun-costa-rica-vacations.com




Roger,
Publisher of fun-costa-rica-vacations.com a destination guide with ideas for fun Costa Rica vacations.





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2012年2月2日 星期四

Ozone Generator Buying Guide


If you're a homeowner and your home has recently suffered water damage, smoke damage, mold infestation, or the dreaded "smell of death" from an expired rodent in a crawl space, then you've probably read that an ozone generator might just be the answer to your problems. However, with so many different types of ozone machines on the market, how is one to decipher between fact, fiction, and pure unadulterated BS? I have a few tips that will help you avoid getting ripped off and help you make a wise ozone generator buying decision.

The first thing you have to realize is that the ozone generator industry as a whole is not regulated by any government agency. More than half of the so called ozone generator manufacturers are nothing but Internet opportunists trying to cash in on a high priced, somewhat in demand product. These unscrupulous vendors make their overpriced ozone machines in their own garages, set-up a website that makes all kinds of outrageous claims as to the output capabilities of their ozone machines, then advertise their website in the Search Engines. A sure fire way to weed out a few of these vendors is to do a Google search of their business address then use the "street view" feature by dragging and dropping the "little man icon" onto the street right in front of their business address. If you see a residential home, you might want to steer clear of that vendor. Why? It's easy to shut down your operations when you're doing business from home. When you invest in a business location, it shows you're in it for the long haul and it's harder to walk away from a "brink and mortar" location than it is from a home run business. Why should you care that the vendor is in business for the long haul? Because ozone generators are prone to fail due to the very corrosive nature of ozone and the damaging effects it has on the metal components within switches, timers, relays, etc. Same goes for eBay vendors who buy a lot of ozone machines without also investing in replacement parts. When their supply runs out, they're out of the ozone business, and you're left with an expensive door stop when your machine fails in due time.

Once you find an ozone machine that tickles your fancy and you're ready to invest your hard earned money, the next question one must ask themselves is "How do I know if this machine really puts out as much ozone as the vendor claims? Ozone generator manufacturers don't have to validate the ozone machines they sell to ensure they are producing the amount of ozone being claimed. I've seen some vendors claim 16,000 to 20,000 milligrams per hour yet when we tested those machines in our shop with our ozone meter, they produced 3000-5000 mg/h. That's quite a big difference between what is actually being produced and what is being claimed. How then can you make sure the ozone generator you purchase is actually producing the amount of ozone being advertised? Simple! Ask the vendor the following questions in an e-mail (future fodder for a 100% money back should you test the machine and find the information provided was incorrect)

QUESTION #1. How Many Volts is the Power Supply! An ozone generator creates ozone by creating an electrical spark that splits oxygen in the air. In order to accomplish this feat, you have to create a high voltage electrical spark. A simple rule I've observed in the lab and well recognized in the ozone industry is that a 3000 volt transformer can produce around 3000 mg/h of ozone per hour when attached to a high voltage ozone element or six or more MICA plates at 40% humidity or less. Each Mica plate can produce a maximum of about 400 milligrams of ozone per hour IF it is properly installed due to the weak electrical spark it is capable of generating from the wire mesh. If you own a MICA plate ozone generator, view the plate in the dark. It won't light up very bright, very dimly as a matter of fact. The types of ozone plates that turn bright purple in the dark are called "High Voltage Ozone Elements" and they can produce around 3000-4000 mgh per plate when fed with a 3000-4000 volt power transformer. These types of plates glow purple, almost like UV lamp, in the dark. They create a very strong electrical spark that is much more efficient at producing ozone vs the old fashioned MICA plates. As a matter of fact a 4000 volt transformer and ozone element only uses about 35 watts of electricity, now that's efficient! Therefore, Tip #1 is to ask the vendor to e-mail you in writing the exact voltage, amps, and watts used by their power transformers and how many and which type of ozone plates their machines use. If a vendor claims for instance their machine produces 16 to 20 thousand milligrams of ozone per hour but their machine only uses one 5000 volt transformer, then you'll things just don't add up.

QUESTION #2. What type of ozone element does the ozone machine use? Believe it or not, some vendors will try and convince you that the ozone elements in their machines are "permanent" and will last forever. Folks, there's no such thing as a permanent ozone plate! If used in 90-100% humidity, even the expensive high voltage ozone plates will only last 20-40 hours. Ozone generators are not made to be used in 90% plus humidity! In humid areas, you must run the air conditioning or a dehumidifier in order to perform a shock treatment. Tip #2 therefore is to think twice before buying an ozone generator from a vendor who doesn't offer replacement ozone plates or makes a machine that utilizes "MICA" plates.

Once you have those answers in writing, save the e-mail in case you need to use it to obtain a refund in the future. When you receive your ozone generator, have a local electrician friend of the family (or hire someone) to open your ozone generator and give it the once over and test the strength (in volts) of the power transformer. If you discover the stated voltage doesn't match the advertised voltage, ask for a refund. After all, what you're buying when you buy an ozone generator are high voltage power transformers, not a slick sales pitch! The honest vendors will clearly state their machines specifications on their websites and via e-mail if asked. They'll also provide you with a picture of the inside of their units and disclose the amount of plates, type used, etc. You should be weary of vendors who hold this information close to the vest or refuse to go on the record with this information.

Now you know what questions to ask an ozone machine vendor before making a purchase. I want to close out this "Ozone Generator Buying Guide" by giving you a few tips on how to save money on your purchase:

Tip #1. Ask the vendor if they sell any used units or any "bare bones" ozone generators. Many ozone generator vendors will have spare parts on hand from returned or fixed units they can sell "on the down low" for a mere pittance of the retail price. Others might be able to sell you a "bare bones ozone generator" without any of the bells and whistles you can easily use to make your own ozone generator, especially if you're the "do-it-yourself" type. You might also want to check eBay to see if anyone is selling high voltage power transformers in the 3000-12,000 volt range or high voltage ozone elements that can be easily attached to the power transformer. Some ozone vendors want $1000 or more for their ozone generators, however, the fact of the matter is that ozone machines are pretty basic electronic components and they shouldn't cost as much as a used car, especially if you buy the main components and "Do It Yourself."

Tip #2. Don't buy an ozone generator with too many "bells and whistles". Ozone as I've already mentioned is very corrosive over time to all metals except stainless steel. Unfortunately, all electronic switches, relays, etc needs to use regular metal in order to be conduce electricity. What we have therefore is a dilemma. The solution? Don't buy an ozone generator with all the bells and whistles! This would include an internal timer, ozone output dial (to turn the ozone up and down), etc. Just realize that if you do buy an ozone generator with these parts that eventually the ozone is going to destroy those parts and all it takes to shut down an ozone generator is to have one of the electrical components fail. If you want a timer, buy an external timer for $5 at Lowe's. If you want to be able to turn the ozone output up and down, buy a "repeat cycle timer" that can turn your ozone generator on for a few seconds ever x amount of minutes, and repeat that cycle indefinitely. Both of those items can be connected via an extension cord in another room to your ozone generator. Less is more when it comes to longevity in shock treatment ozone generators.

Tip #3. Don't over do it when performing shock treatments! There is a reason the trained professionals that administer ozone shock treatments command thousands of dollars to perform shock treatments; they know what they're doing and how to safely and effectively perform a shock treatment without leaving your home smelling like ozone for weeks after the shock treatment! Besides being an ozone generator manufacturer, I also run a restoration business that employs ozone in some of our work. For mold remediation, ozone only plays a small role in riding the house of toxic mold for instance. Sheet rock has to be taken down and replaced, super high CFM air cleaners make sure the mold, when disturbed, isn't re-distributed throughout the structure. Wet wood has to be dried. Leaky pipes have to be fixed, etc etc. Yes, shock levels of ozone will kill the mold, but that's just a small part of mold remediation, regardless of what some ozone vendors might advertise to help hawk their units.

The main mistake I see homeowners make when doing a shock treatment is not properly removing or covering all petroleum based products such as carpet foam, sofa cushions, etc. We use Kevlar to cover carpets and foam filled sofas, mattresses, etc. Kevlar is ozone resistant and will keep the foam from interacting with the ozone. Ozone will oxidize foam and rubber and cause a chemical-ozone smell that can linger for weeks. So tip #3 is to not over do it with an ozone shock treatment! One or two hour shock treatments in furniture filled homes is advisable. You might have to perform several such shock treatments, but it's better to be safe than sorry when shocking a furniture filled home. Some vendors tell their clients to just turn the ozone generator on and let it run for a few days. I strongly advise against that practice.

Tip #4. When you are ready to buy, call the vendor and order over the phone. Odds are at some point in time your ozone generator is going to need service. I don't know about you but I hate buying something on-line, having it break down, then not being able to speak with a live person for support without having to wait on hold for 30 minutes or worse yet, not being able to speak to a live person at all then not having my e-mails answered! You can nip this type of situation in the bud by first calling. If you can't easily get through and get a well informed live person to answer the phone to place your order, then consider buying elsewhere. This bit of advice goes for making any large ticket item purchase on the Internet.

If you want to save money and make a wise investment, ask the right questions before you buy your ozone generator and also consider incorporating some of my tip suggestions as well. The more you shop around, the more time you spend doing some Internet research, and most importantly, the more time you spend e-mailing and talk directly with the vendor, the more likely you are to make a wise investment and end up with a great ozone machine that lasts you a lifetime.




Mickey Alcantara, CEO of Ozone Generator USA. Example High Voltage Ozone Plates.





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2012年1月28日 星期六

Hydroponics - A Quick Guide to Starting an Indoor Hydroponic Garden


Interested in taking gardening to the next level? Welcome to the wonderful world of hydroponics. If you have ever bitten into a hydroponic tomato, you can't help but be curious as to how it's done. This article is a quick guide to getting you started in growing vigorous flowers and vegetables hydroponically.

The system.

There are four popular hydroponic systems:

·????? Water Culture Hydroponics.

This system consists of reservoir that hold the gardener's desired water plant solution. In the reservoir there are floating plants in planters, which the roots are consistently submerged.

·????? Drip and Ebb Flow system.

The ebb flow system is like the water culture but instead of the roots being submerged they are dripped on by a steady drip through a hose. This is the system we are going to focus on.

·????? Aeroponics

Aeroponics is a system that instead of using predominately water, uses a system that mist water in to an airtight enclosure. The roots are suspended in the air so the roots get high levels of oxygen. This helps the grow process immensely.

We are going to use a drip system, as it is easy to maintain. You will need a decent size tote that is plastic. Pick one that is black if possible because we don't want to let any light get into the bin, which could cause root rot. Make sure also that the bin has a lid that can stay on tight. Next you will need to go to a hydro store and purchase special net pots that have a mesh like bottom and sides. Also we will need a fish pump an air stone/pump and some tubing that fits the desired pump.

First we will cut holes in the top of the bin so that the net pots fit snug but no fall through. After that we will want to cut a hole in the side of the net pots so that the tubing fits through to get to the roots. Hook up and connect with connecters the tubes to the one pump. Hosing and connecters can be purchased at your local hardware store. After that, throw in the air stone in the bottom with the pump being outside of the bin. Fill the bin with 4-8 gallons of water depending on the size of your bin. Should be about 6 inches deep of water.

There are many different types of medians to fill the net pots with. Most are pretty much all the same but we are going to use hydroton as it seems to evenly disperse the water to the roots and is cheap. This also can really only be purchased online or at a gardening store.

Atmosphere

There are two ways of creating a good atmosphere. One you can buy plastic and create a room or two you can purchase online grow tents. These tents are perfect as they consist poles to hang lights and holes for installing ventilation.

Generally speaking you are going to want to keep the room at a consistent 65 to 75 degrees. This varies form plant to plant but for this guide we are just going to assume that you are growing tomato plants.? You need fresh air to blow in and fresh air to blow out. A fan is also needed to push the air around inside the tent. Humidity can also be an issue depending on where you live in the world. A dehumidifier maybe needed to be purchased depending on how your type of plant responds to humidity.

Lighting

To make your beautiful plants grow, you will need to pick up a HID light. These can range from 80 to 1200 watts. The more watts the bigger and better the plant will grow. Keep in mind that the higher the wattage means more heat. If you have the money for a 1000-watt light and need to maintain 75 degrees, you will want to hook up a fan to the light, as it was get the growing environment super hot. Keep the light 1-2ft away from the plant as this will burn or dry out the plant.

You are going to want to keep the light on for 18 hours and 6 off. This will save on power and still maintain enough light to keep the plants growing at an optimal level. If your plant flowers which tomato plants do, you will need to trigger the flower stage by setting a timer to 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness. In 3-7 days you will start seeing the flower/fruit start to develop. Be careful not to interrupt the plants with light when they light cycle is supposed to be dark as this will cause the plant to do bad things including reducing how big the flower/fruits are.

Feeding

Once your have your room all set up, you are going to want to feed your plants a specific formula of nutrients which suit your plants specific needs. I like to use a line of food called advance nutrients for tomato plants. These guys have it down like it's their job. Wait it is their job.? Anyways pick a line of nutrients that are ideal for your type of plant. Make sure to test your water for its PPM (parts per million) and PH. An Ideal PPM is anywhere from 1000 to 2000PPM and a PH of 6.5. A PPM meter and PH meter can be purchased at a hydroponic store or online. It is very important to keep an eye out for PPM and PH levels, as this is crucial in the deployment of your precious plants.

For more information check out your local library on hydroponics as they will give you way more detail on this advance way of growing. Trust me as soon as you see your plants flourish with growth and fruit you will never want to grow outdoors again.








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