顯示具有 Other 標籤的文章。 顯示所有文章
顯示具有 Other 標籤的文章。 顯示所有文章

2012年8月30日 星期四

A Power Meter by Any Other Name


Power meters are the essential workhorses for electricians and anyone who designs, manufactures or installs electrical devices. Within the broad category there are sub-categories that are specialized for certain tasks.

There are electric meters, used by utility companies to measure the amount of electricity a customer uses. There is the kilowatt meter that measures the amount of energy, in kilowatts, in a given electrical circuit. Optical power meters measure the amount of energy in fiber optical transmission systems and are often used by optical network builders. An ammeter measures the energy of an electric circuit in units of amperes. Then there are the most common ones people think of as the devices they use to check home wiring, or car electrical systems.

The main difference in power meters is between analog and digital. Analog is designed to give a continuous reading of levels. Digital meters can closely approximate analog continuity, however, by their nature, they use very small discrete units of measurement. One is not better than the other, rather the type of measurement needed and the electrical output being measured often determine which type is used.

Most digital types can measure both volts and amperes, in either alternating and/or direct current in one unit. They can combine multiple functions in one unit, such as a power meter, oscilloscope, and data logging from periods ranging from minutes to months. Some of the more advanced ones can generate graphs and reports when used with special software.

How the power meter is to be used can also be seen in its design. There are meters that use probes, others that use clamps, some are designed to sit on a bench and others designed for portability. An industrial/military meter is designed to perform its task under the extremes of heat, cold, humidity, shock, electromagnetic interference, and vibration.

Power meters are often used as a calibration tool to continuously check electrical levels in processing or manufacturing, where the electrical levels have an important part in determining the quality of the final product, such as when electrical current is used for bonding two different materials. They are also heavily used for quality control when the final product has to operate within defined tolerances, such as electric motors. In scientific instruments, power metering is a given for x-ray machines, magnetic imaging or containment devices, lasers and other pulse instruments, and many other instruments that require extreme control of power levels.




Author is a freelance copywriter. For more information about Kilowatt meter, please visit http://www.hoytmeter.com/.





This post was made using the Auto Blogging Software from WebMagnates.org This line will not appear when posts are made after activating the software to full version.

張貼者： 於 中午12:37 0 意見
標籤： , ,

2012年5月26日 星期六

A Power Meter by Any Other Name


Power meters are the essential workhorses for electricians and anyone who designs, manufactures or installs electrical devices. Within the broad category there are sub-categories that are specialized for certain tasks.

There are electric meters, used by utility companies to measure the amount of electricity a customer uses. There is the kilowatt meter that measures the amount of energy, in kilowatts, in a given electrical circuit. Optical power meters measure the amount of energy in fiber optical transmission systems and are often used by optical network builders. An ammeter measures the energy of an electric circuit in units of amperes. Then there are the most common ones people think of as the devices they use to check home wiring, or car electrical systems.

The main difference in power meters is between analog and digital. Analog is designed to give a continuous reading of levels. Digital meters can closely approximate analog continuity, however, by their nature, they use very small discrete units of measurement. One is not better than the other, rather the type of measurement needed and the electrical output being measured often determine which type is used.

Most digital types can measure both volts and amperes, in either alternating and/or direct current in one unit. They can combine multiple functions in one unit, such as a power meter, oscilloscope, and data logging from periods ranging from minutes to months. Some of the more advanced ones can generate graphs and reports when used with special software.

How the power meter is to be used can also be seen in its design. There are meters that use probes, others that use clamps, some are designed to sit on a bench and others designed for portability. An industrial/military meter is designed to perform its task under the extremes of heat, cold, humidity, shock, electromagnetic interference, and vibration.

Power meters are often used as a calibration tool to continuously check electrical levels in processing or manufacturing, where the electrical levels have an important part in determining the quality of the final product, such as when electrical current is used for bonding two different materials. They are also heavily used for quality control when the final product has to operate within defined tolerances, such as electric motors. In scientific instruments, power metering is a given for x-ray machines, magnetic imaging or containment devices, lasers and other pulse instruments, and many other instruments that require extreme control of power levels.




Author is a freelance copywriter. For more information about Kilowatt meter, please visit http://www.hoytmeter.com/.





This post was made using the Auto Blogging Software from WebMagnates.org This line will not appear when posts are made after activating the software to full version.

張貼者： 於 上午9:27 0 意見
標籤： , ,

2012年5月13日 星期日

Clean Room Controls, Design and Other Variables


A clean room is an environment that is used for the manufacturing of precision equipment or conducting of scientific research that has a strictly controlled level of contamination. Clean rooms use specifically designed equipment to control the amount of particles per cubic meter at a specified particle size in the room. In some cases even air temperature and humidity controls are needed.

Air Filtration

Regardless of cleanliness class, the air to all clean rooms is filtered thru HEP (High Efficiency Particulate Air) or ULPA (Ultra Low Particulate Air) filters. These filters are rated for 99.99 percent efficiency on 0.3 micron particles (HEPA) and 0.128 micron particles UULPA). Cleanliness is a function of how much clean air is mixed with the contaminated air in the room. The more clean air, the greater the contaminant dilution, and the higher the level of cleanliness. Clean rooms also take advantage of another feature of the filters and that is the pleating of the media in the manufacturing process. This pleating effect causes the air passing thru the filter to be delivered in a jet stream. The collective results of these multiple air streams produces a column of clean air moving uniformly away from the filter face.

Temperature Control

The process within the space generally dictates the temperature range that can be tolerated. If there are non-specific requirements, the human factor usually will guide the selection.

Humidity Control

Often overlooked in the design of a clean room is the stringent humidity requirement. This can vary, again depending on the process involved. Between 40 percent to 60 percent is typical with a variation usually not greater than 5 percent.

Walls

Walls can be constructed of any non-shedding material that can be wiped down easily and kept clean. Walls can be gypsum board with a seamless coating on metal studs or they can be modular. Modular walls have a tax advantage in they are considered tangible property and can be taken down and moved.

Floors

The best clean room floors are poured seamless systems, seamless sheet vinyl, epoxy, or vinyl tile in that order. Products that limit dust penetration and can be easily maintained are required.

Ceilings

Most clean rooms are designed with positive pressure plenums, or ceiling spaces. This requires a special grid system that is usually factory gasketed or it can be a gel system on the more stringent rooms. The grids typically support the HEPA filters, lights, and panels and can weight as much as 12 pounds per squire foot. 12 gauge wire is used to support the grid.

HEPA Filter Units

The heart of any clean room design is the filtration that is required. Some are ducted but the most common are fan powered units. The typical 2' x 4' unit has a capacity of 700 to 800 cfm, with a 1/3 hp motor. Latest designs also include energy efficient watt motors.

Clean Room Lights

Lights are specially constructed for clean rooms so they are sealed air tight. They also produce heat which must be taken into account. Typical lighting is 70 to 100 foot candles.

Variables

While we know what the hardware mentioned above produces in regards to release of microbes, heat etc., the one element that changes daily is human element. It has been said that "absolute cleanliness" cannot be maintained with man's involvement, that robots are the only way to eliminate this source of particulate pollution. Even fully gowned, workers are constantly shedding skin particles. Gowning is required.

Gowning

Garments can include hair covering, beard or mouth covering, body covering, shoe covering and gloves with any combination of the above. Garments should be put on in a gowning room. This room should also be HEPA filtered.

Testing and Certification

Once the room is completed, most specifications call for testing and certification. Some requirements state that the room should be test annually also. Testing is usually conducted by an independent testing agency using the ISO Standards. It is also imperative for the owner to purchase a clean room monitor in order to determine the daily status of the room.




About AME Vertical
AME Vertical, headquartered in Troy, MI, provides storage solutions to businesses throughout the United States, and North America. The Company was founded in 2001 and has grown into a multi-million dollar supplier of storage solutions for customers in many industries, including retail, manufacturing, distribution, and engineering services. AME Vertical also supplies thousands of products to the United States Government through its General Services Administration Contract. Visit http://amevertical.com/ for more information on how to effectively use your current storage space.





This post was made using the Auto Blogging Software from WebMagnates.org This line will not appear when posts are made after activating the software to full version.

張貼者： 於 晚上10:22 1 意見
標籤： , , , ,

2011年12月2日 星期五

A Power Meter by Any Other Name


Power meters are the essential workhorses for electricians and anyone who designs, manufactures or installs electrical devices. Within the broad category there are sub-categories that are specialized for certain tasks.

There are electric meters, used by utility companies to measure the amount of electricity a customer uses. There is the kilowatt meter that measures the amount of energy, in kilowatts, in a given electrical circuit. Optical power meters measure the amount of energy in fiber optical transmission systems and are often used by optical network builders. An ammeter measures the energy of an electric circuit in units of amperes. Then there are the most common ones people think of as the devices they use to check home wiring, or car electrical systems.

The main difference in power meters is between analog and digital. Analog is designed to give a continuous reading of levels. Digital meters can closely approximate analog continuity, however, by their nature, they use very small discrete units of measurement. One is not better than the other, rather the type of measurement needed and the electrical output being measured often determine which type is used.

Most digital types can measure both volts and amperes, in either alternating and/or direct current in one unit. They can combine multiple functions in one unit, such as a power meter, oscilloscope, and data logging from periods ranging from minutes to months. Some of the more advanced ones can generate graphs and reports when used with special software.

How the power meter is to be used can also be seen in its design. There are meters that use probes, others that use clamps, some are designed to sit on a bench and others designed for portability. An industrial/military meter is designed to perform its task under the extremes of heat, cold, humidity, shock, electromagnetic interference, and vibration.

Power meters are often used as a calibration tool to continuously check electrical levels in processing or manufacturing, where the electrical levels have an important part in determining the quality of the final product, such as when electrical current is used for bonding two different materials. They are also heavily used for quality control when the final product has to operate within defined tolerances, such as electric motors. In scientific instruments, power metering is a given for x-ray machines, magnetic imaging or containment devices, lasers and other pulse instruments, and many other instruments that require extreme control of power levels.




Author is a freelance copywriter. For more information about Kilowatt meter, please visit http://www.hoytmeter.com/.





This post was made using the Auto Blogging Software from WebMagnates.org This line will not appear when posts are made after activating the software to full version.

張貼者： 於 凌晨12:25 0 意見
標籤： , ,
訂閱： 文章 (Atom)